Research Article
Potential Economic Benefits of Cultural Heritage Based Tourism for Rural Communities in Zambia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
188-201
Received:
4 September 2025
Accepted:
17 September 2025
Published:
17 October 2025
Abstract: This article is based on the findings of a study that was carried out around Lake Kashiba in Mpongwe district of Zambia. In this article it is argued that there is a plethora of cultural heritage elements in Zambia. More than three quarters of these constitute the main tourist attraction and are ubiquitously located in rural parts of the country. This presents great potential for such communities to participate in local economic activities through tourism. The article used qualitative data obtained through field interviews with 79 participants and 2 focus group discussions. From the study findings, six themes namely: plethora of heritage elements; sustainability of heritage for tourism; employment opportunities; business opportunities; leasing and selling of land; and barriers to tourism economic benefits emerged. Findings reveal that while there is great potential for cultural heritage based tourism to contribute to economic growth of rural areas hardly any economic benefits are realised by the local communities. This, to a large extent, could be attributed the lack of local community participation in tourism. The lack of local community participation and the resulting absence of economic benefits from tourism could be attributed to six main barriers namely: unfavourable government policies; inadequate employment opportunities; inadequate business opportunities; poor state of infrastructure; uncodified land tenure; and restrictive local myths. For economic benefits of cultural heritage tourism in rural areas to be realised, there is a need for supportive government policies and political will that would facilitate the participation of the local communities in the related activities. Such policies should prioritize the creation of awareness about the economic value of cultural heritage tourism among the concerned rural communities and building local capacity for their effective participation.
Abstract: This article is based on the findings of a study that was carried out around Lake Kashiba in Mpongwe district of Zambia. In this article it is argued that there is a plethora of cultural heritage elements in Zambia. More than three quarters of these constitute the main tourist attraction and are ubiquitously located in rural parts of the country. T...
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Communication
Exploring Anaesthesia Licence Students’ Knowledge of the Green Operating Room to Inform Prototype Development
Amel Rezgui,
Dorra Souid,
Oussema Khalfallah,
Maryem Bouallegue*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
202-209
Received:
7 August 2025
Accepted:
4 October 2025
Published:
28 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251104.12
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Abstract: The climate change, the growing accumulation of waste, and the excessive consumption of natural resources highlight the urgent need to embed sustainable development principles within healthcare systems. The operating room, considered the core of hospital activity, is also one of the most polluting units. In this context, the present study was designed to analyze anaesthesia students’ pre-acquired knowledge regarding environmentally responsible practices in order to identify gaps and promote the integration of sustainable strategies into medical education. A prospective analytical study was conducted over an eight-week period (January–March 2023) with second- and third-year anaesthesia students (n=150) at Université Centrale, using an anonymous online quiz comprising 13 items covering bio-cleaning, waste management, air treatment, and greenhouse gas emissions. Results indicated that while a majority of students were familiar with certain eco-responsible practices such as bio-cleaning procedures and the labelling of yellow waste bags, substantial deficiencies persisted. Only 44% recognized that waste sorting must occur at the source, and less than 20% identified desflurane as the anaesthetic agent with the highest global warming potential. Knowledge of air treatment systems and greenhouse gas management also remained limited, reflecting a need for targeted training. To translate these findings into practical action, a 3D prototype of a “Green Operating Room” was developed using 3DS MAX software and aligned with international guidelines. The prototype integrates concrete eco-responsible solutions, including a color-coded waste sorting system with automated chutes, awareness posters on anaesthetic gas emissions, and environmentally friendly architectural design. Serving as both an educational and awareness-raising tool, this prototype provides a replicable model that connects theoretical knowledge with real-world application. In conclusion, the study underscores the necessity of incorporating sustainability modules into anaesthesia curricula and demonstrates how a digital prototype can bridge knowledge gaps while fostering eco-responsible behaviour among future healthcare professionals. By linking environmental education with practical innovation, the project contributes to advancing sustainable practices in healthcare and offers a pathway for developing greener operating rooms.
Abstract: The climate change, the growing accumulation of waste, and the excessive consumption of natural resources highlight the urgent need to embed sustainable development principles within healthcare systems. The operating room, considered the core of hospital activity, is also one of the most polluting units. In this context, the present study was desig...
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Review Article
Service Sector Growth Perspective: Recapitulations and Reflections
Arup Mitra*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
210-217
Received:
21 August 2025
Accepted:
7 October 2025
Published:
30 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251104.13
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Abstract: The service sector has contributed to the overall growth and the aggregate TFPG in India but such growth configurations are not independent of certain developmental and inequality implications. It may have contributed to poverty reduction but the contribution of the industrial sector to poverty reduction could have been much faster had the industrial sector witnessed a steady growth with significant possibilities for employment generation. In fact, within the service sector the bimodal distribution in terms of income/expenditure is a popularly observed phenomenon. The vast size of the informal sector with meagre incomes and a high productivity segment with a significant rise in income over time are remarkable features of the post globalisation era. Rising wage inequality and the vast size of the informal sector are inter-connected issues. Thus, the rapid spread of the services sector, emerging much before the industrialisation process could be completed, poses concerns in relation to decent livelihood creation and poverty reduction. The high productivity segment within the services sector is relatively small in terms of employment share and is not geared to the absorption of the unskilled and semi-skilled work force. While service-led-growth (and the rapid TFP growth in market services) could result in prosperity and development of one section of the society and thus, could elevate the Indian image of being stuck in a phase of stagnation or sluggish progress, the larger issues of growing inequality have indeed become persistent and the mounting concerns of deprivation relating to land, housing, education and health have turned out to be assiduous for a vast section of the population.
Abstract: The service sector has contributed to the overall growth and the aggregate TFPG in India but such growth configurations are not independent of certain developmental and inequality implications. It may have contributed to poverty reduction but the contribution of the industrial sector to poverty reduction could have been much faster had the industri...
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Research Article
Unregistered Agritourism Farms and Their Economic Implications: A Case Study from Iloilo, Philippines
Armando Moralina Hisuan Jr.*,
Ismael Arguelles Almajar Jr.,
Myrna Tugado Luceño,
Maria Patricia Bayot,
Ma. Veronica Escano
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
218-223
Received:
3 September 2025
Accepted:
10 October 2025
Published:
30 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251104.14
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Abstract: The growing urban interest in connecting with the land and engaging in rural experiences has led to the rise of agritourism. However, in Alimodian, where agriculture remains a primary livelihood, some farms remain unregistered despite their agritourism potential. This study investigates the factors contributing to the non-registration of agritourism farms, focusing on Dongmer Tillers Trail and Boglosa Vista Farm. Using a qualitative, interview-based case study design, the research found that complex registration procedures and associated costs discourage farm owners from completing the process. Additionally, municipal requirements—though necessary for business legitimacy—pose challenges depending on the farm’s nature and available resources. Family support emerged as a vital factor influencing the sustainability of these unregistered farms. The study highlights the need for streamlined registration processes and enhanced local government support to formalize agritourism enterprises and promote inclusive rural development.
Abstract: The growing urban interest in connecting with the land and engaging in rural experiences has led to the rise of agritourism. However, in Alimodian, where agriculture remains a primary livelihood, some farms remain unregistered despite their agritourism potential. This study investigates the factors contributing to the non-registration of agritouris...
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